教师专业成长不可缺少的环节：个人课题研究

个人课题的研究在教师专业成长过程中,发挥着重要的作用和影响。在个人课题的研究中,表现出有鲜明的特征、清晰的途径、重要的作用,这些方面对教师专业成长都有一定的积极的促进和影响。     

A computer vision system to analyse the swimming behaviour of farmed fish in commercial aquaculture facilities: A case study using cage-held Atlantic salmon

Knowledge of fish behaviour plays an important role in aquaculture farm management. Video systems are the most common and cost-effective way of observing behaviours in commercial aquaculture operations. However long term observation is not feasible due to a limited ability to analyse footage manually. This paper describes preliminary findings obtained via computer vision software that was developed to automatically analyse fish movement and behaviours in aquaculture sea cages. Results show that the system is capable of detecting fish shapes in video recordings and from these shapes quantifying changes in swimming speed and direction continuously throughout the day. Also variations between days were detected and these may have been associated with the daily shift in the tidal cycle. The system has the potential to act as an alarm to farm operators, informing them about unusual fish behaviours on a continuous, real-time basis. It also has potential to assist in the evaluation of fish welfare.     

新宾县农机专业合作社发展研究

发展农机专业合作社是完善农业生产经营体制的重要内容。介绍新宾县农机专业合作社的发展现状,简述合作社发展过程及主要合作形式,论述合作社成立以来发挥的作用和取得的成效,提出合作社今后发展需要重视的问题。     

耕水机在罗非鱼精养池塘的应用效果分析

选择两组罗非鱼(Tilapia)精养池塘作为研究对象,通过设置实验塘和对照塘的方法,研究耕水机的使用对精养池塘水质变化情况和养殖效果的影响.结果表明:与对照池塘相比,实验池塘的水质稳定,池水化学耗氧量的平均值降低了1.56 mg/L,总悬浮物的平均含量下降了24.3028 mg/L,总氨氮的平均浓度下降了0.2418 ...     

不列颠哥伦比亚黑鳕鱼养殖的潜在经济效益

主要研究不列颠哥伦比亚省黑鳕鱼养殖的潜在经济效益。不列颠哥伦比亚省一个黑鳕鱼苗种场已经开始以黑鳕鱼海水网箱养殖为目的苗种培育,这个唯一的黑鳕鱼苗种场培育出的鱼苗将有效地支持该地区目前的黑鳕鱼养殖。该地区黑鳕鱼养殖区纯收益受2个关键问题影响:一是如果全球参与黑鳕鱼养殖;二是如果不列颠哥伦比亚限制黑鳕鱼的养殖,而其他地区却不限制。研究结果表明:在不列颠哥伦比亚采用落后的水产养殖模式,可能获得较低的养殖利润。然而,当生产增长到期望的养殖水平时,黑鳕鱼的养殖利润将迅速下降。如果不列颠哥伦比亚野生黑鳕鱼的溢价控制在20%～25%以上,养殖禁令可能对该省和加拿大是有利的。     

农民专业合作社发展困境和出路选择——以安徽省太和县王庄养鸡协会为例

通过对安徽省太和县王庄养鸡协会的个案分析,探讨了农民专业合作社发展的困境,并提出了相应的建议,即：加强合作社外部的制度建设,完善合作社自身的组织建设,建立科学合理的运行机制。     

间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统构建及其养殖效果

为改善工厂化循环水养殖系统水质净化效果,提高养殖密度和成活率,构建了间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统。通过间歇运行生物膜反应器增加水力停留时间,充分降解含氮污染物;连续运行弧形筛及时去除固体颗粒物。考察了该系统的启动过程及石斑鱼高密度养殖效果。启动初期,将硝化型生物絮团与海绵填料混合培养,生物膜22 d即可挂膜成功。以30.03 kg/m~3为初始养殖密度开展石斑鱼养殖试验,经66 d养殖,石斑鱼平均质量从(273.00±12.22)增至(552.52±107.04) g,最终养殖密度达到60.78 kg/m~3,成活率为100%。养殖过程中,生物膜逐渐适应养殖环境,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除率从13.33%、14.84%增至93.73%、93.50%。此外,在弧形筛进水槽增加曝气形成曝气式弧形筛,可进一步除去细小颗粒物,有效控制养殖水体浊度。     

基于改进极限学习机的水体溶解氧预测方法

为了有效地指导水产养殖生产，提高溶解氧浓度预测的精度，提出了基于因子筛选和改进极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine，ELM）的水产养殖溶解氧预测模型。首先，利用皮尔森相关系数法计算各影响因子与溶解氧浓度间的相关系数，提取强关联因子，降低预测模型的输入量维度；采用偏最小二乘算法（Partial Least Square, PLS）优化传统ELM神经网络，避免网络中隐含层共线性问题，保障输出权值的稳定性；然后，结合新型激活函数，构建水体溶解氧浓度预测模型。最后，将SPLS-ELM（Selection Based Partial Least Square Optimized Extreme Learning Machine）预测模型应用到江苏省无锡市南泉基地某试验池塘的水体溶解氧预测中。试验结果表明：该模型的预测均方根误差为0.3232，与最小二乘支持向量机（Least Square Support Vector Machine，LSSVM）、BP神经网络、粒子群（Particle Swarm Optimization，PSO）优化LSSVM和遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm, GA）优化BP神经网络相比分别降低40.98%、44.48%、34.73%和44.18%。且该模型的运行时间仅0.6231s，预测精度和运行效率明显优于其他模型。该模型的溶解氧预测曲线接近真实溶解氧变化曲线，能够满足水产养殖实际生产对水体溶解氧预测的要求。     

Comparative ecologies of domestic and naturalised rainbow trout in northern Lake Huron

Northern Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) supports the largest concentration of freshwater salmonid cage culture farms in Canada and receives inputs of domestic‐strain rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through escapement. We assessed the potential effects of these domestic fish on the naturalised rainbow trout of this ecosystem by comparing their respective ecologies. Mature adults were sampled from spawning tributaries, primarily in spring, and to a lesser extent in fall. Fish of domestic origin comprised ~80% of rainbow trout sampled from sites near cage culture facilities but <20% of rainbow trout sampled from more distant sites. Domestic adults in spawning condition (gametes free‐flowing) were present in the spawning tributaries in both spring and fall sampling seasons, whereas naturalised fish in spawning condition were only observed in the spring. Domestic adults were younger and smaller (in length), appeared to have shorter lifespan and had a higher male to female ratio compared with their naturalised counterparts. Growth rates (change in length with age) of naturalised and domestic females in the wild were similar, but domestic males grew more slowly than naturalised males. Domestic females also produced smaller eggs than naturalised females. Food web positions (inferred from δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of domestic and naturalised fish were very similar but varied more strongly with body size in the former. Domestic‐strain rainbow trout of cage culture origin can survive, grow and attempt to spawn in northern Lake Huron and have the potential to compete for food, mates and spawning habitat with naturalised rainbow trout.     

2014年全国桑蚕新品种实验室鉴定（陕西点）报告

2014年春季对来自镇江蚕种场、苏州大学、无锡西漳蚕种场、山东广通蚕种集团有限公司及山东农业大学的5对桑蚕新品种,秋季对来自苏州大学、西南大学、中国农业科学院蚕业研究所的3对桑蚕新品种进行了实验室鉴定。通过龄期观察和生命率、茧质、产茧量调查与分析,客观反映参鉴品种在陕西试验点的饲育表现和性状特点。